The present document of Amnesty International concerns a trial where people are charged with crimes punishable by the death penalty. The people are newly-elected opposition party members of parliament, human rights defenders and journalists, whom Amnesty International considers to be prisoners of conscience. This report includes the background to the trial, details of the charges and defendants – who include several lawyers and academics– and Amnesty International’s concern that the defendants may not receive a fair trial in relation to recognized international and regional standards. It concludes with Amnesty International’s recommendations to the Government of Ethiopia and the international community. Amnesty refers to the Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers with regard to the right to have adequate time and facility to prepare a defence.